Mycoplasma pneumoniae ni mikorobe iri hagati ya bagiteri na virusi; nta rukuta rw'uturemangingo ifite ahubwo ifite membrane y'uturemangingo, kandi ishobora kororoka ubwayo cyangwa ikagera no gutera udukoko mu turemangingo. Genome ya Mycoplasma pneumoniae ni nto, ifite genes zigera ku 1.000 gusa. Mycoplasma pneumoniae irahinduka cyane kandi ishobora guhinduka bitewe n'ibidukikije bitandukanye n'ibirimo binyuze mu guhuza imiterere y'uturemangingo cyangwa impinduka. Mycoplasma pneumoniae igenzurwa ahanini no gukoresha imiti ya macrolide antibiyotike, nka azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, nibindi. Ku barwayi badashobora kurwanya iyi miti, tetracyclines nshya cyangwa quinolones zishobora gukoreshwa.
Mu minsi ishize, Komisiyo y'Igihugu y'Ubuzima yagiranye ikiganiro n'abanyamakuru ku bijyanye no gukumira no kurwanya indwara z'ubuhumekero mu gihe cy'itumba, igaragaza uburyo indwara z'ubuhumekero zikwirakwira cyane n'ingamba zo kuzirinda mu gihe cy'itumba mu Bushinwa, inasubiza ibibazo by'itangazamakuru. Muri iyo nama, impuguke zavuze ko muri iki gihe, Ubushinwa bwinjiye mu bihe by'indwara z'ubuhumekero zikunze kugaragara cyane, kandi indwara zitandukanye z'ubuhumekero zirahurirana kandi zigashyirwa hejuru, bikaba byabangamira ubuzima bw'abantu. Indwara z'ubuhumekero ziva ku kubyimba k'urusobe rw'imiyoboro y'ubuhumekero bitewe n'ubwandu bw'udukoko cyangwa izindi mpamvu, cyane cyane indwara z'imiyoboro yo hejuru y'ubuhumekero, umusonga, bronchitis, asima n'ibindi. Dukurikije amakuru akurikiranwa na Komisiyo y'Igihugu y'Ubuzima n'Ubuzima, indwara z'ubuhumekero mu Bushinwa ziganjemo virusi z'ibicurane, uretse ikwirakwira ry'izindi ndwara mu byiciro bitandukanye by'imyaka, urugero, hari na virusi z'inkura zitera ibicurane mu bana bafite imyaka 1-4; Mu bantu bafite imyaka 5-14, indwara za Mycoplasma na virusi zitera ibicurane zikunze kugaragara. Mu bantu bari hagati y’imyaka 5-14, indwara za Mycoplasma na virusi zitera ibicurane zigaragara ku gipimo runaka cy’abaturage; mu bantu bari hagati y’imyaka 15-59, virusi ziterwa n’inkorora na virusi ziterwa n’ingufu ...
Virusi za Grippenza ni virusi za RNA zifite imiterere myiza, ziza mu bwoko butatu, ubwoko bwa A, ubwoko bwa B na ubwoko bwa C. Virusi za Grippenza A zifite ubushobozi bwo guhinduka cyane kandi zishobora gutera icyorezo cya Grippe. Genome ya virusi ya Grippe igizwe n'ibice umunani, buri kimwe muri byo kikaba gikubiyemo poroteyine imwe cyangwa nyinshi. Virusi za Grippenza zihinduka mu buryo bubiri bw'ingenzi, bumwe ni ukwiyongera kwa antigenic, aho impinduka ziba mu turemangingo twa virusi, bigatuma habaho impinduka za antigenic muri hemagglutinin (HA) na neuraminidase (NA) ku buso bwa virusi; ubundi ni ukongera uburyo bwa antigenic, aho kwanduza ubwoko butandukanye bwa virusi za Grippe mu karemangingo kamwe bituma habaho gusubiranamo kw'ibice bya virusi, bigatuma habaho ubwoko bushya. Virusi za Grippenza zicungwa ahanini hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana bwa neuraminidase, nka oseltamivir na zanamivir, kandi ku barwayi barembye cyane, hakenewe uburyo bwo kuvura no kuvura ibibazo.
Neocoronavirus ni virusi ya RNA ifite imiterere imwe igaragara mu muryango wa Coronaviridae, ifite imiryango ine mito, ari yo α, β, γ, na δ. Imiryango mito α na β ahanini yanduza inyamaswa zonsa, mu gihe imiryango mito γ na δ ahanini yanduza inyoni. Genome ya neocoronavirus igizwe n'urupapuro rurerure rwo gusoma rukubiyemo poroteyine 16 zitari imiterere n'enye z'imiterere, ari zo poroteyine y'urukiramende (M), hemagglutinin (S), nucleoprotein (N) na poroteyine ya enzyme (E). Impinduka za Neocoronavirus ziterwa ahanini n'amakosa mu kongera kwanduzanya kwa virusi cyangwa gushyiramo jeni zo hanze, bigatuma habaho impinduka mu miterere ya jeni za virusi, zigira ingaruka ku kwanduzanya kwa virusi, indwara no gushobora gucika kw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Neocoronavirus zicungwa ahanini hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana nka ridecivir na lopinavir/ritonavir, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, hakenewe uburyo bwo kuvura no kuvura ibibazo.
Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kurwanya indwara z'ubuhumekero ni ubu bukurikira:
Gukingirwa. Inkingo ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda indwara zandura kandi bushobora gukangura umubiri kugira ngo ugire ubudahangarwa ku ndwara zitera indwara. Muri iki gihe, Ubushinwa bufite inkingo zitandukanye z’indwara z’ubuhumekero, nk’urukingo rwa grippe, urukingo rushya rwa crown, urukingo rwa pneumococcal, urukingo rwa pertussis, n’izindi. Ni byiza ko abantu babishoboye bakingirwa ku gihe, cyane cyane abageze mu zabukuru, abarwayi bafite indwara zishingiye ku ndwara, abana n’abandi bantu b’ingenzi.
Komeza kugira isuku ku giti cyawe. Indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero zikwirakwira ahanini binyuze mu bitonyanga no mu gukoraho, bityo ni ngombwa kugabanya ikwirakwira ry'udukoko two mu bwoko bwa mikorobe ukarabya intoki buri gihe, upfuke umunwa n'amazuru ukoresheje agatambaro cyangwa inkokora mu gihe ukorora cyangwa witsamuye, udacira amacandwe, kandi ntusangire ibikoresho.
Irinde ahantu hahurira abantu benshi kandi hatarimo umwuka uhagije. Ahantu hahurira abantu benshi kandi hatarimo umwuka uhagije ni ahantu hashobora gutera indwara z'ubuhumekero kandi hashobora kwanduzanya indwara zandurira mu myanya itandukanye. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kugabanya gusura aha hantu, kandi niba ugomba kujyayo, wambare agapfukamunwa kandi ugire intera runaka kugira ngo wirinde kwegerana n'abandi.
Kongera ubushobozi bwo kurwanya indwara. Ubushobozi bwo kurwanya indwara ni wo murongo wa mbere w’uburinzi ku ndwara ziterwa n’udukoko. Ni ngombwa kongera ubushobozi bwo kwirinda indwara no kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura binyuze mu mirire myiza, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri iciriritse, gusinzira bihagije no kugira umutima mwiza.
Itondere kugira ngo ukomeze gushyuha. Ubushyuhe bw'itumba ni buke, kandi gukangura ubukonje bishobora gutuma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bw'umuyoboro w'ubuhumekero bugabanuka, bigatuma indwara zitera indwara ziyongera. Kubwibyo, itondere kugira ngo ukomeze gushyuha, wambare imyenda ikwiye, wirinde ibicurane n'inkorora, uhindure ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe by'imbere mu nzu ku gihe, kandi ukomeze guhumeka neza mu nzu.
Shaka ubuvuzi ku gihe. Niba ibimenyetso by'indwara z'ubuhumekero nk'umuriro, inkorora, kuribwa mu muhogo no kugorwa no guhumeka bigaragaye, ugomba kujya kwa muganga ku gihe, ugasuzuma indwara kandi ukayivura ukurikije amabwiriza ya muganga, kandi ntufate imiti wenyine cyangwa ngo utinde gushaka ubuvuzi. Muri icyo gihe, ugomba kumenyesha muganga wawe ukuri ku mateka yawe y'indwara z'ibyorezo n'ibyakubayeho, kandi ugafatanya na we mu iperereza ku ndwara z'ibyorezo no mu mikorere y'indwara z'ibyorezo kugira ngo wirinde ikwirakwira ry'iyi ndwara.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 15-2023